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- $Unique_ID{BRK04171}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Reiter's Syndrome}
- $Subject{Reiter's Syndrome Blennorrheal Idiopathic Arthritis Arthritis
- Urethritica Venereal Arthritis Conjunctivourethrosynovial Syndrome
- Feissinger-Leroy-Reiter Syndrome Polyarthritis Enterica Ruhr's Syndrome
- Urethro-Oculo-Articular Syndrome Waelsch's Syndrome }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1986 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 105:
- Reiter's Syndrome
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Reiter's Syndrome) is
- not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM listing to find the
- synonyms and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Blennorrheal Idiopathic Arthritis
- Arthritis Urethritica
- Venereal Arthritis
- Conjunctivourethrosynovial Syndrome
- Feissinger-Leroy-Reiter Syndrome
- Polyarthritis Enterica
- Ruhr's Syndrome
- Urethro-Oculo-Articular Syndrome
- Waelsch's Syndrome
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section.
-
-
- Reiter's syndrome is characterized by inflammation of the joints,
- urethra, and conjunctiva of the eye, and by lesions of the skin and mucosal
- surfaces. Symptoms do not necessarily appear simultaneously; they may
- alternate, and there may be spontaneous remissions and recurrences. The
- syndrome rarely disables its victims. It appears to result from abnormal
- immune response in association with exposure (usually sexual) to an
- infectious agent. It affects primarily men between the ages of 20 and 40
- years.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Onset of Reiter's Syndrome is between 20 and 40 years of age. Urethritis is
- usually the first symptom to appear, often after a sexual encounter. Urethral
- symptoms may be so mild initially that they seem unremarkable until later
- symptoms suggest the diagnosis. More often, though, urination may be
- painful, there may be blood in the urine, and there may be a purulent
- discharge. Later genitourinary symptoms can include inflammation of the
- prostrate gland and/or seminal vesicles (but very seldom the epididymis or
- the testes), and of the bladder (cystitis). Cystitis may cause increased
- urinary frequency, pain, blood tinged urine, and in severe or prolonged
- cases, obstruction of the ureters, the passages leading from the kidneys to
- the bladder.
-
- Other symptoms appear within 4 days to 4 weeks of the onset of
- urethritis. Arthritis usually has a sudden onset, affecting more than one
- joint. It is asymmetrical; joints of the legs and feet are involved most
- often; the hips and shoulders are almost never affected. Joints are warm,
- reddish, and painful. Although episodes of arthritis usually last at least 2
- to 4 months, symptoms begin to subside within 2 to 6 weeks. Spontaneous
- remission often occurs within the first year, but some attacks last several
- years. In such cases, the involved joints may be permanently damaged.
- Tendons may also become inflamed.
-
- Conjunctivitis normally last only a few days, and seldom longer than a
- month, although it commonly recurs. It is mild and affects both eyes. The
- eyes burn, itch, and may discharge a viscous mucous. Occasionally, the uvea,
- a layer of the eye that includes the iris and choroid, also becomes inflamed,
- with possible symptoms of increased sensitivity to light, glaucoma,
- cataracts, and blindness in severe cases. Similarly, the cornea may be
- involved (keratitis) with pain and irritability of the eye, tearing,
- increased light sensitivity, and the sensation that something is present in
- the eye.
-
- Lesions of the skin and mucous linings occur on the penis (especially the
- glans), palms of the hands, soles of the feet, and in the mouth, urethra, and
- bladder. They cause little pain, and disappear quickly. Initially, they
- resemble small blisters, which then become eroded and reddish. Keratoderma
- blennorrhagica refers to lesions of the skin, as opposed to those of the
- mucosae; these lesions are scaly and crusty, eventually peeling off. They
- are found primarily on the hands, trunk, and arms. Mucocutaneous lesions
- leave no scars. The fingernails are often thick, opaque, and brittle, with
- dead skin accumulated underneath.
-
- Rarely, patients develop heart abnormalities including an incompetent
- aortic valve. Nervous system abnormalities may include inflammation of
- nerves, meningitis, paralysis, and psychosis.
-
- Laboratory findings include elevated levels of white blood cells in the
- blood and synovial fluids, and, frequently, the presence of an unusual cell
- marker, HLA-B27 antigen.
-
- Causes
-
- Reiter's syndrome usually makes its appearance after sexual exposure,
- although occasionally it follows an episode of acute diarrhea due to unknown
- causes. This, and the fact that many patients have an unusual cell marker
- (see section on Symptoms), suggests that the syndrome results from infection
- of genetically susceptible individuals with some infectious agent, probably
- shigella, or chlamydia or similar organisms.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Reiter's Syndrome predominantly affects men between the ages of 20 and 40
- years.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Arthritis with simultaneous urethritis due to gonorrhea may mimic some
- symptoms of Reiter's syndrome. Behcet's syndrome has similar symptoms of
- oral and genital ulcers and eye inflammation, and often arthritis, but the
- lesions are different from those in Reiter's syndrome.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment for Reiter's Syndrome is symptomatic. Antiinflammatory drugs such
- as aspirin, indomethacin, or phenylbutazone usually provide relief of
- arthritis. In severe cases, folic acid antagonists such as methotrexate,
- which act as immunosuppressants but can have serious side effects, may
- relieve symptoms. Corticosteroids are ineffective in this disorder.
- Urethritis may respond to tetracycline. Physical therapy may be useful
- during recovery from arthritis.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through March
- 1987. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep every
- entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate. Please
- check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most current
- information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Reiter's Syndrome, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- The National Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Information
- Clearinghouse
- Box AMS
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 495-4484
-
- References
-
- Petersdorf, Robert, G., et al, editors, Harrison's Principles of Internal
- Medicine, tenth edition, pp. 1989-90. McGraw-Hill, New York: 1983.
-
-